Recently, a large number of new mortality models have been proposed to analyse historic mortality rates and project them into the future. Many of these suffer from being over-parametrised or have terms added in an ad hoc manner which cannot be justified in terms of demographic significance.

In this paper Swiss Re Europe look at how a capital market for longevity risk could help address the challenges of funding longer lives.

This chapter looks at inequalities and poverty in retirement. Inequality is a relative concept, in which the position of one individual or household in a distribution – normally an income distribution – is compared with that of other individuals or households. There is no single definition of

This chapter looks at population change in the UK in the 20th and 21st centuries. First, it looks at how the population is ageing, presenting challenges for a number of policy areas relating to older people. Then it examines the main determinants of population change: fertility, mortality and

This chapter examines trends in labour market participation and the transition from work to retirement. Labour market activity is important in the context of pensions because earnings from employment help people to build savings and to make private pensionc ontributions to fund their retirement;

Over the course of the 20th century, life expectancy in the UK increased. At the same time fertility rates broadly declined (with the exception of the periods following the First and Second World Wars, and the 1960s). As the 1960s ‘baby boomers’ reach retirement in the next few decades they will be

Increasing longevity and the economic value of healthy ageing and working longer.

This is the sixth of our series of reports that focus on issues of direct relevance to practitioners, in this case buyers and sellers of US life settlements, buyers and sellers of US older-age longevity risks, financial advisors, regulators and policymakers

Life expectancy differs from person to person, population to population and pension scheme to pension scheme. So, your scheme members’ mortality experience will be unique. Age is its dominant determinant, but life expectancy is influenced by other factors including gender, geographical location,

When it comes to investing, many retirees will first look for income. Having a predictable and lasting income stream